The Nature Of Love By Harry Harlow - 1619 Words

Harry Harlow was labeled as a man with a desire for learning about what he presumed love to be and consequently, dedicated his later career to the subject. Life presented him with ups and downs yet, he pursued his research with a vigor. He developed notions about the concepts of affection in contrast to bodily needs and what could possibly derive from one not receiving love. This guided him to establish observational research methods to study his ideas via the use of infant primates which, yielded both positive and negative outcomes. Harlow’s article titled, The Nature of Love, relayed his explorations and discoveries, along with his future ideas. Harlow supposedly had a quiet and uneventful childhood, and his exhibited traits of big ambitions eventually led him to earn a Ph.D. from Stanford University. With respect to his personal life, Harlow’s initial marriage ended when his wife left him due to his extreme dedication towards work, and his second wife passed awa y from cancer. Professionally, Harlow’s career took place when behaviorism ruled the psychological field, and it was his controversial work that made him well-known amongst his community. He was not intimidated by the status quo and thus, conducted experiments with primates to study the unchartered territory of affection. However, after the death of his second wife, Harlow had become distraught and depressed. His career started to falter, and he eventually retired in 1973 (Harry Harlow, 2014). HarlowShow MoreRelatedHarlow‚Äà ´s Theory: Love1451 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Harlow’s Theory: Motherly love Jose Hernandez Instructor: Mrs. Martinez, M, A El Paso Community College Harlow’s Theory: Love The feeling of love is, deep, soft, satisfying. Because of its affectionate and intimate nature it is viewed by some as an inapplicable topic for experimental research. But, whatever our own perception may be, our assigned mission as psychologists is to analyze all facets of human and animal behavior into their component variablesRead MoreHarry Harlow : An American Psychologist Who Studied Monkeys And Their Behavior1243 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Harry Harlow (1905-1981) was an American Psychologist who studied monkeys and their behavior. His research paved the way to a better understanding of human behavior. Dr. Harlow’s research also helped to better understand the psychology of children. This essay will discuss Dr. Harlow’s background, education, social influence, historical significance, and major contributions in the study of psychology. â€Æ' Background Early Childhood Harry Harlow’s original last name was Israel, andRead MoreHarry Harlow1124 Words   |  5 PagesHarry Israel was born in Fairfield, a small town in Iowa. He was the third of four boys and grew up in a family that placed a top quality on the value of education. When he completed his bachelor and doctoral degrees at Stanford University, his advisor convinced Harry to change his surname from Israel to Harlow because of the concern of possible discrimination of his last name. In 1930, Harlow began work as a comparative psychologist at the University of Wisconsin in Madison and remained there forRead MoreHarry Harlow: A Revolutionary Who Changed Child-Rearing Practices in Industrialized Countries1243 Words   |  5 PagesHarry Harlow: a Revolutionary Who Changed Child-Rearing Practices in Industrialized Countries Harry Harlow remains a controversial figure. He was extremely influential in behavioral and cognitive psychology as well as psychoanalysis which he strongly criticized, but some of his experiments with moneys were cruel and insensitive. The animal rights movement in the United States grew partly in response to the manner Harlow experimented with monkeys. His revolutionary influence, however, cannot be downplayedRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on Understanding Attachment.1489 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will compare and contrast the work of psychologists Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth. To compare and contrast will be to emphasise the similarities and differences of both Harlow and Ainsworth’s work on understanding attachment, to which they have both made great contribution. Attachment refers to the mutually affectionate developing bond between a mother and any other caregiver (Custance 2010). It is a bond in which the infant sees the caregiver as a protective and security figure. FailingRead MoreLove in Infant Monkeys Analysis Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Love in Infant Monkeys† Lydia Millet A mother can impact lives greatly. Could you imagine growing up without a mother? You can either be very lucky with a mother that cares for you or be deprived of that sense of love from a mother figure. It is inhumane to destroy any kind of maternal bond because mothers are not people to depend on, but are people to make depending not required. In my opinion, Harry doesn’t understand the true meaning of mothers earlier in the story but does get theyRead MoreThe Nature Of Love By Roger Hock1338 Words   |  6 PagesLove can be an amazing thing and it is often said that nothing compares to the bond between a mother and her child, yet before a study called â€Å"The nature of love† which is discussed in the book â€Å"Forty studies that changed psychology: Explorations into the history psychological research,† our society had a very different understand about what caused this bond (Hock, 2013). In the book the author Roger Hock explores many different influential studies but in the section called â€Å"Discovering Love,† heRead MoreThe Study of the Attachment by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth2075 Words   |  9 PagesThe study of the Attachment by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth The word love brings us many meanings. But how do we learn to love? Is it something that we born with, like kind of pre-programmed behaviour or is it a something that we learn during our development? Do we bound to others because of something that we receive on exchange or the constant proximity forms the bound? The comprehension of what defines emotional attachments or the emotional bounding to others, either in humans or otherRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Harlow and Skinner Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast the approaches of Skinner and Harlow to investigating influences on behaviour. This essay will cover a wide range of material to identify, compare and contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Burrhus Frederick Skinner. Harlow and Skinner did research and investigated the influences on behaviour; this essay will draw upon both investigations. Further into the essay it will identify some similarities and differences into both researches with a supported argument about the importanceRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Harry Harlow and Mary Anisworth on Understanding Attachment1770 Words   |  8 PagesCompare and Contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment ‘Attachment’ is a lasting secure and positive feeling that bonds one person to another, one of the strongest forms of attachment is thought to develop between a mother and child. Many psychologist, sociologist, physicians and psychoanalysts have sought to explore the fundamental nature of attachment and how it had evolved. Within this essay I shall examine †¢ The origins of attachment †¢ Psychologist who seek

Marketing Ice Cream and Jerry Free Essays

Market Research Report for Ben Jerry’s Ice Cream By: Swati Sugandh Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Incorporated started in 1978 when Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield bought their first ice cream scoop shop in Burlington, Vermont. Since then, Ben Jerry’s has grown from being only offered in Vermont to other States and Countries around the world. Throughout the growth of Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing: Ice Cream and Jerry or any similar topic only for you Order Now , many movements have been made in aspects of ingredients, packaging, advertising, and image. An example of these movements is branching out from common Ben Jerry’s Ice Cream to Greek and Sorbet types of desserts. The support of Farm Aid and Fair Trade are two imperative factors in regards to image and ingredients for Ben Jerry’s ice cream. In today’s society, customer awareness is vital in promoting anyone’s product in the instance for Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. their web site has been able to inform awareness of the variety of premium flavors they offer, their memorabilia available in their online store, and all the benefits that Ben Jerry’s Ice Cream offers their customers. Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. recognizes that the majority of their loyal customers are women between the ages of twenty to forty years old. Due to that fact most of the advertising done to promote Ben Jerry’s ice cream is done in the areas that would reach this target market. Although Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. has many strengths there are some areas that Ben Jerry’s could grow in and develop in order to reach future customers to widen their target market. Overall, Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. s a well known company that has been around for many years and will continue to be due to their dedication to their unique flavors and types of ice cream and frozen desserts. For the continual growth of Ben Jerry’s the company is always discovering alternative ways to make and promote their company at all aspects of the creation of the perfect pint of premium ice cream. Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. strives to â€Å"create prosperity for everyone that’s connected to their business: suppliers, employees, farmers, franchisees, customers, and neighbors alike† (Ben Jerry’s). There are many ways that Ben Jerry’s has accomplished meeting these goals. First is their growing Fair Trade movement, this movement is about empowering small farmers in developing countries to compete and thrive in the global marketplace. Ben Jerry’s buy’s cocoa, vanilla, sugar, coffee, and bananas from many different parts of the world. Additional ways that Ben Jerry’s upholds their goals are by using cage-free and free-range eggs, and by their Caring Dairy program that only uses cows that have no rBGH (recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone). The containers of Ben Jerry’s Ice cream is Forest Stewardship Council certified which means, â€Å"that the paperboard comes from forests that are managed for the protection of wildlife habitat, maintenance of biodiversity, avoidance of genetically modified tree species, and protection of traditional and civil rights, among other Rainforest Alliance criteria for healthy forests† (SEAR). Ben Jerry’s offers over 30 different flavors of ice cream; they also have other types of ice desserts such as sherbet, and Greek yogurt for all customers to enjoy their favorite flavor and type. Ben Jerry’s is a multinational corporation with their products offered all around the world. Although Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. has many strengths, they still have the weakness of the price of their product compared to their competitors. An example of this is one pint of Ben Jerry’s is about five dollars, but for a half gallon of ice cream from Blue Bell it is only about seven dollars. Therefore, Ben Jerry’s has to deal with many would be buyers that say I get more for my money from other ice cream sellers. Another weakness is that although Ben and Jerry’s offer many unique flavors, many customers prefer original flavors. Ben Jerry’s have started to rectify this particular weakness by now offering original flavors with better ingredients to enhance the flavor. Lastly, Ben Jerry’s is available to buy at many grocery stores; however, at those said locations many only offer a small portion of the flavors that Ben Jerry’s offers. Thus, some customers never get to have the chance of trying many of the flavors. Even though Ben Jerry’s is a multinational corporation with many ocations, and their products are around the world, there are still some opportunities that Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. could take advantage of. First off, Ben Jerry’s could stand to update their advertising in the sense of some commercials, and social media campaigns. By doing this, they could inform people that do not know about their ice cream and all they o ffer, including a gift shop at certain locations and online. Second, Ben Jerry’s could consider branching out and offering ice cream sandwiches and a half gallon of ice cream. This would allow them to reach people in the summer time that want a grab and run outside type of treat or, by offering the half gallon they could reach people that eat ice cream frequently and feel like a pint is too small. Society is a major threat for Ben Jerry’s right now in the sense that society dictates that one should be very conscience of eating right and being thin. Ben Jerry’s is held responsible for encouraging people to eat unhealthy with promoting ice cream, and therefore blamed for the â€Å"obesity epidemic†. To help promote a better image Ben Jerry’s have started to offer the Greek yogurt ice cream. Another threat like many other markets is competition as stated earlier many competitors offer a larger quantity for close or equal amount of money. To try to counter this threat Ben Jerry’s has started offering coupons. While considering all these strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats Ben Jerry’s must always consider their target market which ranges from twenty to forty year old women, and anyone who has a sweet tooth. Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. trives to make sure there is absolutely no discrimination whether based on economic status, age, gender, or race. Customers of all ages and ethnic backgrounds are encouraged to try Ben Jerry’s ice cream by having it available in all grocery stores in order to make them lifetime customers. Although society is changing Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. does recognize that women are sti ll the primary grocery shopper for families, therefore leading them to be a good portion of the target market. â€Å"The women being targeted are 20-40 years of age who’ll probably have a family size of two to five. The average family income is $30,000 plus†(Allen 20). Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. are targeting these types of women because they tend to care more about what products they are putting into their own bodies and those of their families. Since Ben Jerry’s ice cream is made with the most eco-friendly and organic ingredients most women tend to appreciate it compared to other types of ice creams that might not use the best ingredients, they also tend to not gain as much value when they buy competitors ice cream. Even though Ben Jerry’s target market is women, they are still trying to reach every possible customer by offering something for every type of ice cream consumer, in hopes of widening our target market. To ensure Ben Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. is promoting their product to the before mentioned target market, we use the best ingredients to ensure the value of the unique and innovative flavors of ice cream are made organically by using cage free humane eggs and steroid free milk from farms in Vermont and other states. Another beneficial strategy that Ben Jerry’s offers are their availability of their products. Ben Jerry’s initial efforts to market products involved selling their ice cream from the back of Ben’s Volkswagen. In the following few years, they started selling through local independent distributors and opened franchises of their ice cream shop in several states. Then Ben ; Jerry added grocery store locations and the Ben ; Jerry’s web site, where customers can buy the premium ice cream from single serve cups to two point five gallon buckets. Ben ; Jerry’s recently started to open Scoop Shops across the nation. These locations offer ice cream cones and unique flavors not found in most grocery stores; thus, breaking into the ice cream parlor sector. Although Ben ; Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. is not known for ice cream treats such as ice cream sandwiches or other such things; Ben ; Jerry’s does occasionally offer novelty ice cream treats, such as the â€Å"Peace Pops†. The strategy of offering Ben ; Jerry’s premium ice cream in most grocery stores and at Scoop Shops ensures availability. Ben ; Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. has been successful in creating brand loyalty with their target market by promoting their product through online advertising, street marketing and outdoor marketing. With these three types of advertising, the first one offers coupons for loyal customers to use and future customers the opportunity to try Ben ; Jerry’s ice cream at a discounted rate. Street and outdoor marketing involves offering free ice cream to people directly, allowing Ben ; Jerry’s to find out how people feel about flavors and Ben ; Jerry’s immediately. Similarly Ben ; Jerry’s Scoop Shops offer select deals on ice cream cones throughout the year. Another way that Ben ; Jerry’s Homemade Holdings, Inc. promotes their premium ice cream is by their â€Å"Peace, Love, and Ice Cream† campaign which was a movement that discovered the central values of all Americans. The primary goal of this campaign was to promote Ben ; Jerry’s charitable activities and target the emotions of the audience in an effort to create brand awareness and therefore increase sales within the product market. The campaign consisted of pictures of thrills, fun and excitement, from radio to printed advertisements in hope to increase awareness about Ben ; Jerry’s environmental advocacy programs. Many networks were thrilled because the â€Å"Peace, Love, and Ice Cream† campaign was a fun movement that allowed Americans to give back to the community through consuming tasty, frozen desserts. Ben ; Jerry’s continues to grow daily by developing new products, new ideas, and new flavors for their public. Consumers around the world are well aware of Ben Jerry’s tasty treats because of the firm’s execution of marketing concepts and bright visions. Ben Jerry’s mission of giving back to the community worked in various ways, and in turn, have evolved into one of the most prevalent ice cream companies of today. Ben ; Jerry’s product mission statement is â€Å"To make, distribute, and sell the finest quality all natural ice cream and euphoric concoctions with a continued commitment to incorporating wholesome, natural ingredients, and promoting business practices that respect the Earth and the Environment. In order to achieve their mission Ben ; Jerry’s charges a higher price to enable them to create their higher quality ice cream and allow them to have a striving and unique Research and Development department. The price decisions are well synchronized with product design, distribution, and promotion decisions to create a consistent and effective marketi ng program for Ben ; Jerry’s Ice Cream. The market and demand are other factors that stimulate the pricing system of Ben ; Jerry’s ice cream in the sense that the economics condition, competition costs, prices, and so forth all affect the price of Ben and Jerry’s products. For instance, in bad economic situations, people will reduce their expenses on secondary goods, and in this case ice cream is a secondary good. Ben ; Jerry’s have very distinguished competitors like Haagen Daaz and Blue Bell that will definitely affect the price of Ben ; Jerry’s ice cream. Since Ben ; Jerry’s is recognized as a high quality manufacturer of ice cream, they tend to pay very close attention to their competitors, especially when it comes to maintaining their quality and prices. Moreover, the prices of Ben ; Jerry’s products set correlating between their competitor’s prices and customer needs and expectations while still making a profit and abiding by their mission statement. A Ben ; Jerry’s Homemade Holding, Inc. is a company that values their brand loyal customers and is always striving to improve and better their premium ice cream. Although Ben ; Jerry’s does advertise and promote their company and product there are still ways that they could expand their scope of advertisement and perhaps include new forms of advertising. Television is a central communication for most families; therefore, Ben ; Jerry’s could establish recognition of their product by doing product placement with popular TV shows. Another way to use a television for advertising is strictly just using commercials; this allows the opportunity to inform those who do not know what Ben ; Jerry’s offers in their ice cream. Ben ; Jerry’s company is mostly popular in the Northern United States; however, Ben ; Jerry’s could possibly shift to Southern US, and outside of the USA to broaden their customer base. Social media marketing is becoming a necessity in advertising now that most people are connected to at least one form and owns a smart phone. By entering this form of advertising Ben ; Jerry’s could connect with a different generation and build up a following. Overall, Ben ; Jerry’s Homemade Holding, Inc. is an established premium ice cream provider and will continue to be so through their dedication to using the best ingredients, being inventive in creating new flavors, and connecting with consumers and future consumers. Works Cited Allen, Margarat, Emily Brockett, and Steven Allison. Peace, Love, and Ice Cream Campaign. † Ben Jerry’s Homemade Ice Cream Company. N. p. , n. d. Web. Ben Jerry’s. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. http://www. benjerry. com/. King, Rachael. â€Å"Ben ; Jerry’s Imagine Peace Online. † Fast Company. N. p. , 4 Aug. 2008. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. http://www. fastcompany. com/955923/ben-jerrys-imagine-peace-online. à ¢â‚¬Å"SEAR 2011 | Ben Jerry’s. †Ã‚  Ben Jerry’s. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. http://www. benjerry. com/cms/site/us/lang/en_US/home/company/sear-reports/sear-2011. How to cite Marketing: Ice Cream and Jerry, Essay examples

Mr. Edwards and the Spider free essay sample

Lowell’s book Life Studies (1959), which reveals his struggles with madness, alcohol, and marital infidelity, gave rise to the so-called â€Å"confessional† school (â€Å"Robert Lowell†). Lowell was a conscientious objector during World War II and was sentenced to a year in prison. While teaching at Harvard from 1963 until his sudden death at the age of 60 in 1977, he was active in the antiwar movement against the Vietnam War (â€Å"Poets†). The poem â€Å"Mr. Edwards and the Spider,† a found poem, was first published in the Lowell’s Pulitzer Prize winning Lord Wearys Castle (1946). Although a footnote in the fifth edition of the Norton Anthology of Poetry explains that Lowell used text from famous 18th century preacher Jonathan Edward’s famous sermon â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† (1001), further scrutiny and comparison will show that Lowell’s poem was constructed from different sources contradictory to conventional belief. Jonathan Edwards, a Puritan theologian and philosopher of British American Puritanism, was one of the forerunners of the age of Protestant missionary expansion in the 19th century (â€Å"Edwards†). We will write a custom essay sample on Mr. Edwards and the Spider or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was known for his â€Å"fire and brimstone† sermons and his leadership in the Great Awakening, a religious revival movement in North America from the 1720’s to the 1740’s. As mentioned earlier, â€Å"Mr. Edwards and the Spider† is a found poem since most of the material used is from a different source, as seen in the comparison chart on pages 6 – 8 of this analysis paper. There are some profound stylistic rearrangements that would classify it as a â€Å"treated,† as opposed to â€Å"untreated,† example. The poem, written in the first person, begins with the speaker using visual imagery to describe how he saw spiders â€Å"swimming from tree to tree,† (line 2) and how they marched through the air one autumn day. The descriptions lend a sense of weightlessness to the spider and this is coupled with the alliteration in â€Å"tree to tree† that emphasizes the movement. Geographic placement, relying only on the information in the poem, would narrow the location down to the New England region on the east coast of North America where the prevailing wind is â€Å"westerly. Also, the line â€Å"Urgently beating east to sunrise and the sea† (line 9) refers to the fact that in New England, both the sunrise and the ocean and to the east. The text for the poem’s first stanza is mainly taken from a letter (â€Å"Of Insects†) written by Jonathan Edwards to Judge Paul Dudley in 1723. In this letter, Edwards recorded his observations and ruminations about these cr eatures, noting their â€Å"shining webs and glistening strings† that fascinated him. The first stanza ends with a semi-colon, rather than a full stop, to merge the material from the letter â€Å"Of Insects† with the second stanza that primarily draws from Edwards’ Ezekiel 22:14 sermon. In the second stanza, Lowell takes lines from the Edwards’ sermon based on the biblical passage Ezekiel 22:14, â€Å"Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong in the days that I shall deal with thee? I the Lord save spoken it, and will do it. † Edwards used the pulpit to revive the congregation’s fear of the inevitability of torment in the eternal fires of hell as a repercussion for unorthodox and sinful lifestyles. He compares sinners to insects that are dangled over a fire, vulnerable to the flames. The second stanza begins with Edwards’ line, â€Å"What are we in the hands of the great God? † Edwards compares people’s rejection of the Puritanical fundamentalist beliefs to battling flames with thorns and briars. The thorns may be sharp but it cannot fight a fire. Lowell ends the stanza with â€Å"How will the hands be strong? How will the heart endure? † This line is taken from Edward’s sermon, in reference to Ezekiel 22:14, â€Å"Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong in the days that I shall deal with thee? I the Lord save spoken it, and will do it. † In addition to more textual material from Edwards’ â€Å"The Future Punishments of the Wicked,† the third stanza also contains lines taken from his more popular sermon â€Å"Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God. † These lines from the latter sermon postulates that if one were to ask the dead in hell if they had expected their unfortunate outcome, they would deny this and claim that they did not intend to spend eternity in eternal damnation. They will also say that they had wanted to amend their ways but, like a thief, death came unexpectedly. The fourth stanza continues the last line from the previous stanza, with the speaker reminiscing about a time during his youth in Windsor Marsh, a place which is now called East Windsor Hill in Connecticut, Jonathan Edwards’ boyhood home. This line is in reference to the â€Å"Of Insects† letter, which was penned when Edwards was approximately twenty years old. The stanza continues with more lines from â€Å"The Future Punishments† sermon in which Edwards explains that a sinner will yield to the fires of hell in the same manner that a spider does not struggle against being exposed to a flame. Edwards observed that when a spider is placed over a flame, the creature will extend its legs and become consumed, swallowed by the fire. The fifth stanza follows suit and uses more text from â€Å"The Future Punishments,† which starts by raising the question regarding the depth of hell. Lowell adds an identity to the speaker’s interlocutor, none other than Josiah Hawley, Jonathan Edwards’ uncle who committed suicide. According to Christian beliefs, suicide is ranked as one of the worst sins and will guarantee a spot in hell for the deceased’s soul. In this sermon, Edwards uses tactile imagery in attempts to help the intended audience imagine the torture of an eternity in hell. The last lines of the poem use the spider theme again, but instead of the spider as a symbol of the sinner’s helplessness against the wrath of God, the â€Å"Black Widow,† a North American species of venomous spiders, is used to symbolize Edward’s real definition of death: To die and experience the sinking of one’s soul into the endless abyss of hell. â€Å"Mr. Edwards and the Spider† uses the imagery and symbolism of spiders in a variety of ways as it is woven into the central theme. Initially, Lowell used parts of the â€Å"Of Insects† letter to introduce the idea of watching the spiders and observing their natural actions. Edwards saw that the wind picked up the spiders and blew them away to the sea. The spider in this context is a symbol of how man’s mindless slothfulness and immorally complacent nature leads to his destruction. In the third stanza, the â€Å"hour-glass blazoned’ spider, which we can infer to be a Black Widow based on its crimson hourglass marking on its underbelly, is used to magnify God’s might. Simply put, if man is helpless against the venom of a spider, he is no match for God’s retribution. In the fourth stanza, the speaker witnesses a spider burn over a flame. The destruction of the spider was so instantaneous that the creature did not have time to struggle or escape. This is how Edwards explains how powerless man is against his inevitable doom. In the final stanza, the Black Widow is mentioned again, but the spider is used as a symbol of an unrepentant soul’s death. Lowell arranged the text drawn from Edward’s work into a closed form, five stanza verse with nine lines per stanza.