Synchronous and Asynchronous Mode :: essays research papers

Simultaneous and Asynchronous mode: Â Â Â Â Â In media transmission motioning inside a system or between systems, coordinated signs are those that happen at a similar clock rate when all tickers depend on a solitary reference clock. Simultaneous correspondence necessitates that each finish of a trade of correspondence react thus without starting another correspondence. Â Â Â Â Â An nonconcurrent signal is one that is transmitted at an alternate clock rate than another sign. Offbeat activity likewise implies that a procedure works autonomously of different procedures, though coordinated activity implies that the procedure runs just because of some different procedure being finished or giving off activity. Simple and Digital: Simple correspondence utilizes nonstop transmission of an electromagnetic wave structure that shifts in recurrence and abundancy. A computerized correspondence framework utilizes broken transmission that may shift in recurrence, sufficiency and additionally stage to speak to twofold information. Simplex and Duplex: Â Â Â Â Â A interchanges system can give numerous kinds of administration. The most fundamental kind of administration is known as simplex. This administration gives single direction correspondence. Instances of this kind of administration are TV appropriation, and the transmission of criminal alert messages. Â Â Â Â Â Most systems move information in two ways and are known as duplex interchanges joins. Duplex connections are named either full duplex or half duplex (otherwise called two different ways substitute), contingent on whether both neighborhood and remote hubs may at the same time transmit, or whether one must sit tight for the other to complete before beginning transmission. Sequential and Parallel Transmission: Â Â Â Â Â In media transmission, sequential transmission is the consecutive transmission of the sign components of a gathering speaking to a character or other substance of information. The characters are transmitted in a grouping over a solitary line, as opposed to all the while more than at least two lines, as in equal transmission. The consecutive components might be transmitted with or without interference. An equal connection transmits a few surges of information (speaking to specific bits of a flood of bytes) along different channels (wires, printed circuit tracks, optical strands, and so forth.). Sequential Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP): Â Â Â Â Â SLIP and PPP are two correspondence conventions which permit a PC associated with a server through a sequential line, (for example, a modem) to turn into a genuine hub on the web. This permits you to run organize applications on your home PC straightforwardly. While SLIP and PPP are generally comparable, there are some key contrasts. PPP is a more current convention, better structured, and progressively satisfactory to the kind of individuals who like to normalize convention determinations.

Advanced Management Accounting for Accountant -myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theAdvanced Management Accounting for Management Accountant. Answer: Job of Management Accountant The administration bookkeeper have long haul objectives in understanding to which they can work in the following five years and in like manner build plans and arrangements that would be valuable for the coming 5 years. The basic job of the administration bookkeepers include undertaking compelling choices with the assistance of which the bookkeepers can develop objectives and along these lines can embrace the way toward controlling and coordinating. In the present timespan, the administration bookkeepers are the suppliers of the data, yet they are the leaders and has a key impact in the supervisory crew as they can give basic inner statistical data points to the upper level administration so the organization capacities in a powerful and effective way (Mitter, Hiebl 2017). The bookkeepers even have the job of arranging, which is identified with making targets and objectives for the organization and discovering the procedure with the assistance of which they would have the option to sat isfy them by picking an unmistakable activity fuse. The other job related to the administration bookkeepers include the heading the exercises of the organization with the assistance of which they can control and deal with the everyday exercises of the organization so as to achieve the objectives of the association. The administration bookkeepers even has the job of controlling, which is identified with surveying the result of the tasks of the business in agreement to the plans and undertaking alterations so as to keep the association squeezing towards their pre-decided objectives (Mistry et al., 2014). These are the drawn out objectives for the administration bookkeepers and their jobs are identified with the different offices that are operational inside the organization.b Reference List Mistry, V., Sharma, U., Low, M. (2014). The board bookkeepers' impression of their job in representing practical turn of events: An exploratory examination. Pacific Accounting Review, 26(1/2), 112-133. Mitter, C., Hiebl, M. R. (2017). The job of the executives bookkeeping in universal entrepreneurship.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,13(3), 381-409.

What Facilitation Really Means and Why Its Key to the Future of Work

What “Facilitation” Really Means and Why It’s Key to the Future of Work In recent years, there has been increasing interest in a skill known as facilitation.Employers are increasingly looking for employees with facilitation skills, and facilitation has even been touted as the key to the future of work.As more workplaces abandon the traditional reliance on hierarchical structure and become more reliant on collaboration and problem solving, rather than just tactical execution, demand for facilitation skills will only keep increasing, and therefore, it is important to start developing this key skill early enough.But what exactly does facilitation mean, and why is it so important to the future of work?WHAT IS FACILITATION?When you ask someone to be a facilitator, the first thing they will probably think about is chairing a meeting or making presentations. This is a total misconception.Facilitation is about creating a structure and environment that makes it easy for people to collaborate.Facilitation is about bringing diverse groups of people together and mak ing it easy for them to work together to come up with a solution to a problem.The term facilitate is derived from the Latin word “facilis”, which means “to render less difficult” or “to make easy.”In the modern context, a number of definitions of facilitation have been put across.According to Trevor Bentley, a facilitator, independent consultant and author of the book Facilitation: Providing Opportunities For Learning, facilitation can be defined as:“the provision of opportunities, resources, encouragement and support for the group to succeed in achieving its objectives and to do this through enabling the group to take control and responsibility for the way they proceed.”Facilitation is important in any process that requires people to work together to come up with a desired result without being bound by the constraints of hierarchical structure.This includes processes such as brainstorming sessions, meetings, team building sessions, planning sessions, training and de velopment sessions, conflict resolution, or any other activity that requires a group of people to collaborate to achieve specific predetermined results.WHO IS A FACILITATOR? According to Ingrid Bens, a certified public facilitator and author of several books on facilitation, a facilitator can be defined as:“One who contributes structure and process to interactions so groups are able to function effectively and make high quality decisions. A helper and enabler whose goal is to support others as they achieve exceptional performance.” The role of a facilitator. Source: Steps ForwardAs a facilitator, your role is to guide the different people participating in a process to ensure that they come up with the desired results together.You provide the tools and structure needed to ensure that everyone plays a role in the process and that the process is constantly moving forward.However, as a facilitator, you do not get to make decisions for the group. Instead, your role is to provide a framework to help the group make decisions by itself.Some of your tasks as a facilitator include establishing an objective for the process, creating an environment that provides opportunities for contribution and discussion, making suggestions that will help the process run more smoothly, interrupting speakers who might be drifting from the objectives of the process, and generally steering the group towards constructive solutions.One important thing to note is that anyone can be a facilitator. You don’t need to hold any titles or have ce rtain levels of experience in order to play the role of a facilitator.All you need is the ability to bring people together and create an atmosphere that makes it possible for them to collaborate towards a common objective.This means that facilitation is not only reserved for managers and other business leaders.Actually, there are some managers who are poor at facilitation.On the other hand, having someone who is not in the group’s leadership as a facilitator helps break down the constraints of hierarchical structure, thus making everyone feel more comfortable with sharing their opinions and ideas.THE FACILITATION ZONEFacilitation is a somewhat delicate process that requires the facilitator to maintain a balance between encouraging the members to participate in the process and controlling the process.If the facilitator focuses so much on encouraging participation, there is a high likelihood that the session will turn into an animated but unregulated discussion that will take so muc h time without achieving anything meaningful.On the other hand, if the facilitator focuses so much on controlling the process, the participants might feel like their participation is stifled, thus making it harder to come up with the best solution.Therefore, everything the facilitator does should be aimed at encouraging the participants to share their contributions, while at the same time ensuring that the session does not degenerate into a meaningless discussion.WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FACILITATING AND CHAIRING A MEETINGLike I mentioned earlier, when most people come across the word facilitation, they confuse it with chairing a meeting, probably because both involve taking charge of the meeting or whatever activity is taking place.However, there are some differences between facilitating and chairing.Usually, someone chairing a meeting acts as the seat of wisdom and knowledge within the group.Even though a chair may give the participants opportunities to contribute, his or he r opinions carry more weight, and it is ultimately up to the chair to make the final decision for the group.The role of the facilitator, on the other hand, is not to give opinions or make decisions for the group, but rather to draw out the opinions and ideas of the participants and provide them with a framework for making decisions wholesomely as a group.In addition, a good facilitator does not take sides. He or she guides the process from a neutral point.Being an effective facilitator also involves developing a structure to ensure everyone’s ideas get heard and making sure every participant is comfortable sharing their ideas, and ensuring that the participants do not feel like their ideas and decisions are being influenced by their leader.While there is a difference between facilitating and chairing a meeting, the best chairs also play the role of facilitators.They give everyone equal opportunity to contribute, rather than hogging the mic at all times or acting like they have all the answers.WHY FACILITATION IS KEY TO THE FUTURE OF WORKToday, there is increasing demand for people with facilitation skills at the workplace, and as we march into the future, facilitation will become even more important.There are a number of factors contributing to the increasing demand for facilitation.First, the world is diversifying at a very rapid pace.Technological advancement has turned the world into a global village.Today, several companies have footprints spanning across different countries and continents.Other companies â€" with the help of the internet and other communication technologies â€" depend on employees spread out across multiple geographical locations and time zones.The result is that the modern workplace has become very diverse. In the coming future, the trend of workplace diversity will only increase.The diversity of modern workplaces is a good thing.When you bring together people from different backgrounds, with different experiences and different perspec tives to work on a common problem, there is a high likelihood that creative and innovative solutions will emerge.However, owing to their diversity, you can’t simply bring these people together and hope that they will work together on their own to come up with solutions.This is where facilitation comes in. Facilitation makes it possible for businesses to harness this diversity and channel it productively.Second, the business environment is becoming increasingly competitive.Actually, the world has become hypercompetitive.Business are increasingly finding it harder to sustain competitive advantage, and we can expect this trend to continue into the future.With such high levels of competition, any business that wants to remain in business needs a high dose of creativity and innovation from its employees.One of the best ways of fostering creativity and innovation at the workplace is to encourage employees to work in teams.When employees work in teams, they are quicker and more effective in their work.Having several minds exploring a problem is also more likely to uncover unconventional solutions that would not have come up otherwise.This usually happens in brainstorming sessions where team members come together on a common platform to offer various perspectives that might lead to novel solutions, which in turn helps the business remain competitive.In order for team work to be successful, however, there is need for effective facilitation.This means that facilitation is critical for the success of the organization in the age of hyper competition.Finally, the growing diversity of the modern workplace means that it is inevitable that there will be conflicts at the workplace.Whenever people from diverse backgrounds and with diverse perspectives come together, conflict cannot really be avoided.But here is the thing about conflict at the workplace â€" it can either be destructive, or it can be channelled creative to come up with innovative process, products and solutions .The key is to manage conflict effectively so that it results in creativity rather than destruction.In order to do this, there is need for effective facilitation.Considering these factors, it is inevitable that the importance of facilitation at the workplace will only keep growing.HOW TO BE AN EFFECTIVE FACILITATOR Being a good facilitator is a skill, and like most other skills, it can be learnt. Below, we look at tips on how to improve this key skill. Source: Cleverism.comAlways Start by Setting Some Ground Rules and ObjectivesWhenever you are called upon to facilitate a meeting, brainstorming session, or any other process, the first thing you should always do is to lay the ground rules and objectives of the process.Give the participants an outline structure of how you intend the session to run.Make it clear what you expect of the participants and what will not be tolerated, such as criticising others opinions or disrespect for other participants.Help the participants to clarify what the desired outcome is, and make sure that this outcome can be reasonably achieved within the available time.Ensure that there is consensus about the objectives of the session to avoid someone bringing up something new somewhere down the line.Doing this also helps foster a sense of ownership among the participants.You also need to make sure the participants understand that your role in the process is only to facilitate, not to push your own agenda.The aim here is to foster an atmosphere of trust and openness.While establishing the ground rules, you also need to determine how any potential disagreements will be dealt with.The good thing about establishing boundaries is that you are in a better position to notice when the participants veer of the track and bring them back to ensure that the desired outcome is achieved within the available time.You Have to be Good at Time ManagementWhether you are facilitating a meeting, a team building session, or a conflict resolution, you probably don’t have the whole day.Therefore, as a facilitator, it is up to you to decide how the objectives of the session can be met within the given time frame.When planning the structure outline for the session, think about each activity and how much time it is supposed to take.Considering that each participant needs to get heard, you should plan time allocations more efficiently than in a regular, run of the mill meeting.Make sure it is clear to the group how much time is allocated for each activity.Once you allocate the time for each activity, you also need to ensure that the time allocations are followed, else the time will run out before the objectives for the session have been achieved.Keep track of the time and come up with a way of notifying people that time is running up when it seems like they will exceed their allocated time.For instance, you could hold up your fingers to let them know how much time they have remaining, or you could simply say it loud.If someone goes beyond their allocated time, don’t be afraid to interrupt them and ask them to wind up.Encourage ParticipationAs a facilitator, this is one of your most important jobs.If someone feels like their contributions and ideas are being stifled, they will refrain from making further contributions, which means that the session will not effectively serve its purpose.As a facilitator, it is up to you to find ways to make the environment inclusive, so that the participa nts not only feel comfortable sharing their ideas, but are actually encouraged to contribute.If you notice that some of the participants have not contributed, reach out to them and encourage them to speak out.You should also design structures and activities that encourage contribution.For instance, you could divide the group into smaller discussion groups, since people are more likely to share their ideas and opinions when dealing with a smaller group of people.Remain ImpartialThis is another important thing to keep in mind when playing the role of a facilitator.As a facilitator, your main task is to draw out the contributions of the participants and guide the group to make a decision on their own, without in any way influencing the outcome yourself.This is not as easy as it sounds.Remaining impartial means that you should suppress your opinions and ideas while moderating the ideas and opinions of others.Whatever you do, you should help the group reach consensus without imposing you r opinions on them. At the end of the session, the group should feel that they have achieved the outcome by themselves.Always Be Ready to InterveneWhile you are not actually chairing the meeting or brainstorming session, you are still in charge of the session, and it is up to you to make sure it ends successfully.This means that you should constantly monitor what is going on and determining whether it is taking the group closer to its objectives.If something happens that you feel is taking away from the objectives of the group, you should be ready to intervene and get the group back on track.For instance, if someone is taking more time than they are allocated, you should intervene and let them know that they have to give time to other participants.Similarly, if someone says or does something that is disrespectful to another participant, you should step in and let them know that disrespect will not be tolerated.The point here is that you should always be ready to step in and stop any thing that might make it harder to achieve the objectives of the group.Be Sensitive to Individual and Group FeelingsI already mentioned earlier that facilitation is all about fostering an atmosphere of trust, openness and respect.In order to do this, you need to be able to use your senses, your instincts and your intuition to pick up the atmosphere and gauge how the participants are individually responding to the topic being discussed and the opinions of other participants.When some of the participants feel uncomfortable, angry, or even hurt by something that was said, most of them will not speak up about their discomfort.Instead, they will silently pull out from the discussion.As a facilitator, it is up to you to read the body language and emotional temperature of the participants and gauge whether everyone is feeling comfortable with the discussion.Take note of those who are talking and those who are not and try to get them involved.Aside from being sensitive to the feelings of th e individual participants, you should also be sensitive to the group chemistry.How does the entire group feel?Are they eager, bored, angry, restless, enthusiastic, or suspicious?Once you perceive the group chemistry, you should then try to influence it in a way that promotes participation and engagement.For instance, if the group is bored, try to bring in some engaging activities or humour to bring up group energy.Probe the ParticipantsSometimes, there will be participants who will remain clammed up despite your best efforts of creating an atmosphere of trust and openness.Still, it is important to hear what they have to say. Probing is a great way of getting such participants to express themselves.For instance, if you notice someone has not spoken, you can nudge them with questions such as “What are your thoughts on this, Suzie?”Probing is also a great way of ensuring that everyone’s contribution is clear.When a participant shares ideas or opinions that are not very clear, pro be them with more questions to get them to elaborate their ideas till everyone in the room has understood what they are saying.Synthesize IdeasWhen a diverse group of people is sharing their individual ideas, it sometimes becomes difficult for some of the participants to make sense of what is being said or to understand how it ties to the bigger picture.As a facilitator, it is up to you to take the different ideas from different people and express them in a succinct manner that allows everyone to understand how the ideas are connected to the whole.Once someone has finished making their contribution, give a summary of what they said and confirm if that is what they actually meant.This minimizes the chances of some participants’ contributions getting misinterpreted.WRAPPING UPFacilitation is an important skill, and as the modern workplace continues becoming more diverse and more competitive, the importance of this skill will only keep increasing.Therefore it is important to start de veloping your facilitation skills.Remember, facilitation is all about bringing diverse groups of people together and making it easy for them to work together to come up with a solution to a problem.With the tips shared in this article, you can start slowly improving your facilitation skills.Considering that facilitation requires lots of skill in reading other people’s body language and behaviour, you need to practice a lot.The more you practice, the better you will get.

Essay on Saboteur - 653 Words

Saboteur. Mr. Chiu unintentionally became the saboteur that he was accused of and theres no indication that he regrets his choices. Although Mr. Chiu lives in a communist society where the Cultural Revolution was redefining the way of life for many Chinese people, there are still some fundamental principles of law and order that have not and will not change. His pride can be confused with arrogance and in this story his pride was definitely a character flaw. However, the complex human experience of Mr. Chiu does not excuse the fact that he contributed to the outbreak of Hepatitis in that region of Muji City. What he did was wrong but the resulting outbreak of Hepatitis has many layers and the blame cannot solely be put on Mr. Chiu. He†¦show more content†¦Mr. Chiu’s pride was not the factor that made him change his mind about respecting authority; it was his health. â€Å"His desire for peace of mind originated from his fear that his hepatitis might worse.† (Ha Jin, Sabo teur) Mr. Chiu’s lawyer, a former student, came to retrieve him and is treated with the same cold-heartedness and cruelty that Mr. Chiu received. Because of the current societal structure, police brutality goes unnoticed and Mr. Chiu is forced to make a deal with the Bureau chief. The deal sets Mr. Chiu and his lawyer free. The issue of police brutality is an important issue in any society, and so is public health. Mr. Chiu, even as a proud academic, disregards all his education and knowledge on the subjects and proceeds to intentionally infect the local eateries with his untreated disease. â€Å"As if dying of hunger, Mr. Chiu dragged his lawyer from restaurant to restaurant near the police station, but at each place he ordered no more than two bowls of food. Fenjin wondered why his teacher wouldnt stay at one place and eat his fill. Mr. Chiu bought noodles, wonton, eight-grain porridge, and chicken soup, respectively, at four restaurants. While eating, he kept saying throu gh his teeth, If only I could kill all the bastards!† (Ha Jin, Saboteur) Even his lawyer was confused and surprised at his dark pucker covered and jaundiced face and strange behavior. 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It played a veryRead MoreVideo Games : A Multi Billion Dollar Domain1706 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayal of women. This negative portrayal has been around as long as the video games themselves, begging the question â€Å"why does it matter?† Well, the way women are portrayed effects not only the women who play the game but the men as well. In this essay, I will be discussing the over sexualisation of women, female tropes in video games, and the consequences of a male dominant outlook in relation to the detrimental effect it has on players. â€Å"To sexualize is to make sexual, endow with sex, or attributeRead More Cyberterrorism Essays1633 Words   |  7 Pageslead to death or bodily injury, explosions, plane crashes, water contamination, or severe economic loss would be examples, serious attacks against important infrastructures could be acts of cyberterrorism, depending on their impact. This essay will illustrate and analyse the main issues and ideas behind cyberterrorism. This will include information that has led to the internet being used in a mailicous way, ethical issues, paradigms that cyberterrorism follows, motivations andRead MoreRewriting History, Marxist Elements in Orwells 1984 and Their Outcome on Love2054 Words   |  9 Pagestotalitarian regime would truly take over. My aim for this essay is to analyze Orwell’s novel with respect to the marxist elements present in the novel and also to illustrate their impact upon the protagonist’s feelings. Marxism and especially Stalinism are present in Orwell’s novel through certain elements: countinuous surveillance, control of the mind, the cult of personality and a supposed â€Å"equality† between the Party’s members. 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Analysis Of Belgrade And Cairo Latin America And The Non...

Belgrade and Cairo: Latin America and the Non-Aligned Movement The Belgrade Conference of 1961 was the first meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement. It brought together 28 countries from four continents, of which 25 were full members, and 3 were observers. In her speech at the opening of the conference, Mrs. Bandaranaike of Ceylon stated that the countries present were â€Å"in Belgrade because it is our firm conviction that the non-aligned nations have a positive contribution to make in the cause of peace. If I may attempt to assess the contribution that the non-aligned countries can make at this time, I would say that our endeavor should be to influence world opinion to such an extent that governments, however powerful, cannot regard†¦show more content†¦Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress program kicked off in 1961, shortly after his inauguration. It was part of a new approach by US policymakers, influenced by theories of modernization, to guide the increasingly uncommitted Global South toward a First World vision of modernity. The Alliance for Progress offered millions of dollars to aid in Latin American development, and was also Kennedy’s primary tool against the vision of Latin America offered by Castro. The NAM offered a third option. The conference at Belgrade represented a shift on the part of certain Latin American states to explore a new possibility in the diplomatic arena. In addition to Cuba, as the only full attendant Latin American country, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Brazil all sent observers. Chile and Mexico received invitations to the conference but refused to attend, while Venezuela received an invitation to the Cairo Preparatory Conference preceding Belgrade, but it is unclear if they subsequently were invited to Belgrade after their adamant refusal. Costa Rica went so far as to publicly refuse a purported invitation to Belgrade. This chapter focuses on the emergence of Latin America in this new platform of non-alignment. While the intentions of each nation involved were unique, a deeper exploration of Latin America’s involvement with the Third World in this early stage helps gain insight intoShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography

It’s a Wonderful Life Free Essays

Frank Capra’s 1946 film It’s a Wonderful Life is considered one of the sentimental favorites of our time and a staple of the Christmas television season. The movie was considered something of a failure at the time, since it failed to earn a profit when stacked up against the expenses of filming. However, it is now recognized as one of the most important films made to date. We will write a custom essay sample on It’s a Wonderful Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Part of the appeal may lie in the timing – the film’s initial release came on the heels of World War II. After years of bloodshed in Europe and Asia, the sentimentality of a hopeful Christmas story might have been what resonated with the American public. (A man, suicidal and depressed on Christmas Eve, is approached by an angel for a walk through the moments of his life – the classic â€Å"darkest before dawn† theme that has always struck a chord with audiences may have been especially poignant after the end finally came in the long war. Though the movie might have been considered a flop at the time, the small moments of beauty have helped it become an enduring classic, such as the little things that changed while George, the main character, was not living but busy walking down memory lane with Clarence the angel – the difference in the wind is appreciated not only by George, but by those in the audience. I would recommend this movie to friends or classmates; it is an important part of iconic cinematography and serves as both a forerunner and a counterpoint to some subsequent â€Å"modern classics†, such as American Beauty, a much more sinister film that nevertheless impresses upon its audience the importance of appreciating all the small blessings one has been given in life, no matter how dour the outlook might be at a particularly dark time. Because of its place in the collective consciousness, It’s a Wonderful Life definitely deserves a mention in the Top 25. How to cite It’s a Wonderful Life, Papers

The Importance of Communication in the business world Essays

The Importance of Communication in the Business World The Importance of a positive organizational culture is communication. Creating a positive culture is not an easy task. Companies today need to develop feedback mechanisms to provide a reality check on management?s beliefs about the perception of its employees. In this paper, I will examine the importance of communication in the business world and some of the ways in which companies can improve their communication skills. I will also discuss how communication barriers led to the loss of my past job as a bank teller and how breaking these communication barriers could have prevented the loss of my job. Communication is very important when trying to create a positive and effective work environment. It is important for employers and employees to be able to communicate with one another comfortably. ?Feedback mechanisms can: serve as devices to learn and respond constructively to employee problems and seek to create a climate of openness in which employees do not fear directing their questions, suggestions, or complaints to the attention of management. Also by attempting to remove the barriers to upward communication created by lower level management reporting only what they think top management wants to hear? (Grensing-Pophal, L., 2010, pg. 99). Communicating facts and information to employees about the future, growth, and barriers to profitability that the organization is experiencing can also help break the communication barrier between management and employees. By supplementing and validating overall supervisor and/or employee relationships and by taking corrective action when necessary can benefit both management and employees. Communicating more effectively helps employees with job-related and sometimes personal issues because personal issues are often barriers to employee productivity. Companies have a variety of feedback and communication mechanisms they can use, but for these to be effective they must be backed with commitment by top management. Examples of feedback/communication mechanisms include the following: ?Attitude surveys (also known as climate surveys) help employees to provide opinions on fair treatment, recognition and appreciation, quality of supervision, working conditions, job demands, job security, adequacy of communication, and satisfaction with compensation, benefits, and other conditions of employment? ( Grensing-Pophal, L.,2010, pg. 98). There are also other methods that companies can try to better their communication with their employees such as; ?Skip-level interviews. These types of interviews are usually used in a union free organization where managers are encouraged to spend time with each employee two levels below him or her on an annual basis. This method reduces the perception of ?we/they? in an organization and facilitates upward communication where it may not routinely happen. It encourages management to resolve issues and employees promptly? (Grensing-Pophal, L., 2010, pg. 124). Most union free organizations encourage open door person-to-person meetings. If the meeting involves complaints or grievances, the issue should be carefully documented. Departmental communication meetings are often used as a means of regular upward communication. Employees within a particular unit are asked to meet with the manager to discuss current developments and seek areas for improvement. What employees think or perceive is as important as the facts communicated to them. There are several methods of communicating information to employees. By keeping supervisors informed so they can respond to employees? questions. Employers could also publish newsletters or other types of communication. To an employee, the company is really no better or no worse than his or her immediate supervisor. This is why supervisory training on good communication and employee relations practice is necessary. There are six different types of barriers when it comes to effective interpersonal interactions such as ?different languages, cultural barriers, individual barriers, organizational barriers, interpersonal barriers, and attitudinal barriers? (Jain, R., 2008). Each of these communication barriers could cause great confusion in any work environment. It is important for individuals to learn to break these communication barriers in order to communicate effectively with one another in their work environment. In 1999 I took a job as a bank teller. The weekend before I started my new job my now ex-husband and I had separated due to some unresolvable issues. The day I started my job I was not only nervous and anxious about starting a new job I was also trying to deal with the issues that my now ex-husband and I were having